This study provides the first geochemical characterization of Late Holocene fluvial sediments from the Chari River at N'Djamena. Major, trace, and REE geochemistry was used to investigate the REE resource potential, sediment provenance, weathering intensity, depositional conditions, paleoclimate, and tectonic setting. The clay sample is enriched in most major and trace elements and REE relative to the sandy samples, reflecting grain-size effects and quartz dilution rather than differences in provenance. Total REE concentrations (187–339 ppm) are typical of common siliciclastic sediments, indicating limited potential as a secondary REE resource. Chondrite-normalised REE patterns display moderate LREE enrichment and negative Eu anomalies, indicating derivation from felsic upper continental crust.  High CIA, CIW, and PIA values, together with low ICV values and A–CN–K relationships, indicate compositionally mature sediments derived from intensely weathered source rocks. Immobile trace element ratios consistently support a felsic source with a contribution from recycled sedimentary material. Tectonic discrimination diagrams and functions point to an intraplate setting. Multiple redox proxies (U/Th, Ni/Co, and V/Cr) indicate deposition under oxic conditions. The Climatic Index and several geochemical ratios (K₂O/Al₂O₃, Mg/Ca, Al₂O₃/MgO, Rb/Sr, Ga/Rb, and Sr/Cu) are consistent with deposition under warm and humid climatic conditions.