Groundwater depletion in Rajasthan represents one of the most critical water resource challenges in India, driven by the combined effects of arid climatic conditions, fragile hydrogeology, expanding irrigation, rapid urbanization, and climate variability. As India’s largest state by area, Rajasthan is characterized by low and erratic rainfall, high evapotranspiration rates, and limited surface water availability, making groundwater the primary source of water for agriculture, domestic consumption, and industry. Over the past few decades, intensified agricultural practices supported by tube well irrigation, subsidized electricity, population growth, and industrial expansion have significantly increased groundwater extraction, often exceeding natural recharge rates. A large number of administrative blocks in the state have been classified as over-exploited or critical, reflecting persistent declines in water tables and growing stress on aquifer systems.