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VOL. 8, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Analyzing the impact of oral contraceptive pills (I-Pill) on melanophores of some freshwater fish species
Authors
Devika Rani H K, Pavan Kumar, Parimala B
Abstract
Aquatic toxicologists have identified that pharmaceutical effects on
chromatophores are reliable pollution indicators. Melanophores, which
contribute to skin pigmentation, are influenced by both the nervous and
endocrine systems. This study focuses on assessing the effects of an oral
contraceptive pill (I-Pill) on melanophores in freshwater fish species: Cyprinus
carpio, Catla catla, and Labeo rohita. Findings show that I-Pill
disrupts melanophores structure, affecting pigmentation. Three types of
melanophores, punctate, stellate, and Reticulostellate, were observed across
the species, with their number and shape significantly altering over time with
exposure. In Labeo rohita, melanophores began to disappear after 96
hours of exposure. The study highlights that I-Pill influences both the surface
area and the endocrine system of the fish, with melanophores acting as
indicators of stress conditions.
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Pages:16-18
How to cite this article:
Devika Rani H K, Pavan Kumar, Parimala B "Analyzing the impact of oral contraceptive pills (I-Pill) on melanophores of some freshwater fish species". International Journal of Environmental and Ecology Research, Vol 8, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 16-18
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